Mhedzisiro yekushanda kweruzha inosanganisirwa pamwe chete nemidziyo inobva paruzha uye kusimbiswa kweruzha padanho rinotevera, iro rine tsime reruzha, kugadzirisa, michina yekunze, kusimbiswa kweruzha uye michina yekubatanidza.

1. Sisitimu yeruzha

Maikorofoni ndiyo nzira yekutanga yekubatanidza ruzha rwese kana kuti sisitimu yekurekodha, uye kunaka kwayo kunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwesisitimu yese. Maikorofoni akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: waya newaya zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutumira masaini.

Maikorofoni isina waya akakodzera zvakanyanya kutora manzwi ari pafoni. Kuti zvive nyore kutora manzwi panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, sisitimu yega yega yemakrofoni isina waya inogona kuve nemakrofoni inobatwa neruoko uye maikorofoni yeLavalier. Sezvo studio iine sisitimu yekusimbisa manzwi panguva imwe chete, kuitira kudzivirira kunzwa kweacoustic, maikorofoni isina waya inofanira kushandisa maikorofoni yemoyo imwe chete ichitaura pedyo nepadivi pakutora kutaura nekuimba. Panguva imwe chete, sisitimu yemakrofoni isina waya inofanira kushandisa tekinoroji yekugamuchira yakasiyana-siyana, iyo isingangogone chete kuvandudza kugadzikana kwechiratidzo chinogamuchirwa, asiwo kubatsira kubvisa dead angle uye blind zone yechiratidzo chinogamuchirwa.

Maikorofoni ine waya ine magadzirirwo emamaikorofoni ane mabasa akawanda, akawanda, uye akawanda. Pakutora zviri mumutauro kana kuimba, maikorofoni ane cardioid condenser anowanzo shandiswa, uye maikorofoni e electret anopfekwa anogonawo kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine manzwi akasimba; maikorofoni ane dhisiki repamusoro-soro remamaikorofoni anogona kushandiswa kuona migumisiro yezvakatipoteredza; zviridzwa zvepercussion zvinowanzo shandiswa Maikorofoni ane dhisiki shoma; maikorofoni ane dhisiki repamusoro-soro retambo, makiyibhodhi nezvimwe zviridzwa zvemimhanzi; maikorofoni ane dhisiki repamusoro-soro anogona kushandiswa kana ruzha rwezvakatipoteredza rwakanyanya; maikorofoni ane dhisiki re single-point gooseneck condenser anofanira kushandiswa tichifunga nezvekuchinjika kwevatambi vakuru vemitambo.

Nhamba uye rudzi rwemamaikorofoni zvinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo panzvimbo yacho.

2. Sisitimu yekugadzirisa

Chikamu chikuru chegadziriro yekugadzirisa imuchina wekusanganisa, uyo unogona kuwedzera, kuderedza, uye kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvekutanga kwenzwi rekupinda zvemazinga akasiyana uye impedance; shandisa equalizer yakabatanidzwa kugadzirisa bhendi rega rega refrequency rechiratidzo; Mushure mekugadzirisa chiyero chekusanganisa chechiratidzo chega chega chechiteshi, chiteshi chega chega chinogoverwa uye chinotumirwa kumagumo ese anogamuchira; dzora chiratidzo chekusimbisa ruzha chiri mhenyu uye chiratidzo chekurekodha.

Pane zvinhu zvishoma zvekuteerera paunenge uchishandisa musanganiswa. Chekutanga, sarudza zvikamu zvekupinda zvine simba guru rekuisa chiteshi uye mhinduro yakafara sezvinobvira. Unogona kusarudza kupinza maikorofoni kana kuti kupinza mutsara. Kupinza kwega kwega kune bhatani rekudzora rinoenderera mberi uye switch yesimba re48V phantom. Nenzira iyi, chikamu chekupinda chechiteshi chega chega chinogona kugadzirisa nhanho yechiratidzo chekupinda usati wagadzirisa. Chechipiri, nekuda kwematambudziko emhinduro yemhinduro uye kutarisa kudzoka kwedanho mukusimbisa ruzha, Kana zvikamu zvekupinda, zvinobuda mukuwedzera uye zvinobuda muboka, zviri nani, uye kutonga kuri nyore. Chechitatu, kuti chirongwa chive chakachengeteka uye chakavimbika, musanganiswa unogona kuve nemagetsi maviri makuru uye akamira, uye unogona kuchinja otomatiki. Gadzirisa uye dzora chikamu chechiratidzo chenzwi), maport ekupinda nekubuda ndiwo anonyanya kukosha XLR sockets.

3. Midziyo yekunze

Kusimbiswa kweruzha panzvimbo kunofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti ruzha rwakawanda zvakakwana pasina kugadzira mhinduro yeacoustic, kuitira kuti maspika nema amplifiers emagetsi adzivirirwe. Panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuchengetedza kujeka kweruzha, asiwo kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvehukuru hweruzha, zvakakosha kuisa michina yekugadzirisa odhiyo pakati pemusanganiswa ne amplifier yemagetsi, senge equalizers, feedback suppressors, compressors, exciters, frequency dividers, Sound distributor.

Frequency equalizer uye feedback suppressor zvinoshandiswa kudzvinyirira feedback yeruzha, kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zveruzha, uye kuona kuti ruzha rwakajeka. Compressor inoshandiswa kuona kuti power amplifier haizokonzere kuwandisa kana kukanganisa kana yasangana nenhamba huru yechiratidzo chekupinda, uye inogona kudzivirira power amplifier nemaspika. Exciter inoshandiswa kunakisa ruzha, ndiko kuti, kuvandudza ruvara rweruzha, kupinda, uye stereo Sense, kujekesa uye bass effect. Frequency divider inoshandiswa kutumira zviratidzo zvema frequency bands akasiyana kuma power amplifier avo anoenderana, uye power amplifier inowedzera zviratidzo zveruzha uye kuzviisa kumaspika. Kana uchida kugadzira chirongwa chehunyanzvi chepamusoro, zvakakodzera kushandisa 3-segment electronic crossover mukugadzira system yekusimbisa ruzha.

Pane matambudziko akawanda pakuiswa kwesystem yeaudio. Kusafunga zvakanaka nezvenzvimbo yekubatanidza uye kutevedzana kwemidziyo yeperipheral kunoita kuti michina isashande zvakanaka, uye kunyange michina yacho inopiswa. Kubatanidzwa kwemidziyo yeperipheral kunowanzoda kurongeka: equalizer inowanikwa mushure memusanganiswa; uye feedback suppressor haifanirwe kuiswa pamberi peequalizer. Kana feedback suppressor yakaiswa pamberi peequalizer, zvakaoma kubvisa zvachose acoustic feedback, izvo zvisingakodzeri kugadziriswa kweFeedback suppressor; compressor inofanira kuiswa mushure meequalizer uye feedback suppressor, nekuti basa guru recompressor nderekudzvanya masaini akawandisa uye kuchengetedza power amplifier nemaspika; exciter yakabatana pamberi pepower amplifier; electronic crossover yakabatana pamberi pepower amplifier sezvinodiwa.

Kuti purogiramu yakarekodhwa iwane mhedzisiro yakanaka, ma parameter e compressor anofanira kugadziriswa nemazvo. Kana compressor yapinda mumamiriro ekumanikidzwa, ichave nemigumisiro inoparadza paruzha, saka edza kudzivirira compressor iri mumamiriro ekumanikidzwa kwenguva yakareba. Nheyo huru yekubatanidza compressor mugwara guru rekuwedzera ndeyekuti michina iri kumashure kwayo haifanirwe kuita basa rekusimudzira masaini zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, zvikasadaro compressor haigone kuita basa rekudzivirira zvachose. Ndokusaka equalizer ichifanira kuiswa pamberi pe feedback suppressor, uye compressor iri mushure me feedback suppressor.

Chinoburitsa ruzha chinoshandisa zviitiko zvepfungwa zvemunhu kugadzira zvikamu zveharmonic zvine frequency yakakwira zvichienderana nefrequency huru yeruzha. Panguva imwe chete, basa rekuwedzera ruzha rine frequency yakaderera rinogona kugadzira zvikamu zvakapfuma zvine frequency yakaderera uye kuwedzera kuvandudza toni. Nokudaro, chiratidzo cheruzha chinogadzirwa nechinhu chinoburitsa ruzha chine frequency yakakura kwazvo. Kana frequency band yecompressor yakafara zvakanyanya, zvinokwanisika kuti chinhu chinoburitsa ruzha chibatanidzwe pamberi pecompressor.

Chinoparadzanisa mafrequency emagetsi chakabatana pamberi pepower amplifier sezvinodiwa kuti chigadzirise zvikanganiso zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze uye mhinduro yemafrequency ezvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvemanzwi epurogiramu; dambudziko guru nderekuti kubatana nekugadzirisa matambudziko zvinonetsa uye zviri nyore kukonzera tsaona. Parizvino, ma digital audio processors akaonekwa, anobatanidza mabasa ari pamusoro apa, uye anogona kuva akangwara, ari nyore kushandisa, uye akanakisa mukushanda.

4. Sisitimu yekusimbisa ruzha

Sisitimu yekusimbisa ruzha inofanira kungwarira kuti inofanira kusangana nesimba reruzha uye kufanana kwenzvimbo yeruzha; kumisa zvakanaka kwemaspika aripo kunogona kuvandudza kujeka kwekusimbisa ruzha, kuderedza kurasikirwa nesimba reruzha uye mhinduro yeacoustic; simba rese remagetsi resisitimu yekusimbisa ruzha rinofanira kuchengeterwa 30%-50% yesimba rekuchengetedza; shandisa mahedhifoni asingashandisi waya.

5. Kubatana kwesystem

Kufananidza Impedance uye kufananidza level kunofanirwa kufungwa nezvazvo panyaya yekubatana kwemudziyo. Kuenzana uye kusaenzana zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekunongedzera. Kukosha kwekudzivirira (Impedance value) kwemativi ese echiratidzo pasi kwakaenzana, uye polarity yakatarisana, inova input kana output yakaenzana. Sezvo zviratidzo zvekupindira zvinogamuchirwa nematerminal maviri akaenzana zvine kukosha kwakafanana uye polarity yakafanana, zviratidzo zvekupindira zvinogona kukanzurana pamutoro wekutumira kwakaenzana. Naizvozvo, circuit yakaenzana ine kugona kuri nani kwekudzvinyirira common-mode uye kudzivirira kupindira. Midziyo mizhinji yehunyanzvi yeaudio inoshandisa kubatana kwakaenzana.

Kubatana kwespika kunofanirwa kushandisa tambo dzakawanda dzespika pfupi kuderedza kuramba kwemutsara. Nekuti kuramba kwemutsara uye kuramba kubuda kwesimba reamplifier zvichakanganisa kukosha kweQ frequency system yespika, hunhu hwenguva pfupi hwefrequency yakaderera huchave hwakaipa, uye tambo yekutumira ichaburitsa kukanganisa panguva yekutumira masaini eaudiyo. Nekuda kwesimba rakagoverwa uye inductance yakagoverwa yetambo yekutumira, zvese zvine hunhu hwefrequency hwakati. Sezvo chiratidzo ichi chine zvikamu zvakawanda zvefrequency, kana boka remasaini eaudiyo akaumbwa nezvikamu zvakawanda zvefrequency richipfuura nepamutsetse wekutumira, kunonoka uye kudzikira kunokonzerwa nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvefrequency zvakasiyana, zvichikonzera kunonzi amplitude distortion uye phase distortion. Kazhinji, distortion inogara iripo. Zvichienderana nemamiriro edzidziso etambo yekutumira, mamiriro asina kurasikirwa eR=G=0 haazokonzere kukanganiswa, uye kushaya kurasikirwa kwakakwana hakugonekiwo. Kana paine kurasikirwa kushoma, mamiriro ekutumira masaini pasina kukanganiswa iL/R=C/G, uye tambo chaiyo yekutumira yakafanana inogara iri L/R

6. Kugadzirisa magadzirirwo esystem

Usati wagadzirisa, tanga waisa curve yemazinga ehurongwa kuitira kuti nhanho yechiratidzo yenhanho yega yega ive mukati mehuwandu hwesimba remudziyo, uye hapazovi nekuchekwa kusiri kwemutsara nekuda kwenhanho yechiratidzo yakakwira, kana nhanho yechiratidzo yakaderera zvakanyanya kukonzera kuenzanisa kwechiratidzo-ne-ruzha. Zvakaipa, pakuisa curve yemazinga ehurongwa, curve yemazinga emusanganiswa yakakosha zvikuru. Mushure mekuisa nhanho, hunhu hwefrequency yehurongwa hunogona kugadziriswa.

Midziyo yemazuva ano yemagetsi-acoustic ine mhando yepamusoro inowanzova nehunhu hwemafrequency akatsetseka ari pakati pe20Hz-20KHz. Zvisinei, mushure mekubatanidza maspika akawanda, kunyanya maspika, anogona kunge asina hunhu hwemafrequency akatsetseka. Nzira chaiyo yekugadzirisa ndiyo nzira ye pink noise-spectrum analyzer. Maitiro ekugadzirisa iyi nzira ndeyekuisa ruzha rwepink musystem yeruzha, woidzokorora nespika, uye kushandisa maikorofoni yekuedza kutora ruzha panzvimbo yakanakisa yekuteerera muhoro. Maikorofoni yekuedza yakabatana ne spectrum analyzer, spectrum analyzer inogona kuratidza hunhu hwe amplitude-frequency yesystem yeruzha, uye wobva wagadzirisa equalizer nokungwarira zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekuyera spectrum kuti hunhu hwe amplitude-frequency hwese huve hwakatsetseka. Mushure mekugadzirisa, zvakanaka kutarisa ma waveforms edanho rega rega ne oscilloscope kuti uone kana rimwe danho rine clipping distortion inokonzerwa nekuchinja kukuru kwe equalizer.

Kukanganiswa kwesystem kunofanira kutariswa ne: voltage yemagetsi inofanira kunge yakagadzikana; goko remudziyo wega wega rinofanira kunge rakadzika zvakanaka kudzivirira ruzha; kupinda kwechiratidzo uye kubuda kwesimba kunofanira kunge kwakaringana; kudzivirira waya dzisina kusimba uye welding isina kurongeka.